What type of assessment measures a student’s understanding of concepts at a specific time?

Summative assessment is designed to evaluate a student’s understanding of concepts at a particular point in time, typically at the end of an instructional unit, course, or academic year. The primary purpose of summative assessments is to measure what students have learned and to determine if they meet the required standards of understanding or proficiency. These assessments can take various forms, such as final exams, standardized tests, or end-of-term projects, and they provide a comprehensive overview of a student’s performance and the effectiveness of the educational program.

In contrast, diagnostic assessments are conducted before instruction begins to identify students' strengths and weaknesses, formative assessments are ongoing evaluations used during instruction to monitor student learning and provide feedback for improvement, and norm-referenced assessments compare a student's performance with that of a norm group. Each of these serve different purposes within the educational framework, but they do not specifically measure the understanding of concepts at a fixed point like a summative assessment does.